Plein air is a term derived from the French phrase en plein air, which means 'in the open air' and is particularly used to describe the act of painting outdoors. In the late 1800s ,the Impressionists ventured out of their studios into nature to capture the effects of sunlight and different times of days on a subject.
In the mid-19th century working in natural light became
particularly important for Impressionist artists.
The popularity of plein air painting has endured throughout
the 20th century and into the 21st century.
His most famous paintings include Dedham Vale of 1802 and
The Hay Wain of 1821. Although his paintings are now among the most popular and
valuable in British art, he was never financially successful and did not become
a member of the establishment until he was elected to the Royal Academy at the
age of 52. He sold more paintings in France than in his native England.
Ralph Wallace Burton
- Ralph Wallace Burton was a well known Ottawa Valley artist who was a student
of, regular painting companion and friend to A.Y. Jackson from the Group of
Seven.
His many paintings and sketches, now housed at the City of
Ottawa archives, Ottawa City Hall, small galleries and private collections,
celebrate the rough beauty of Canadian landscapes, and the tenacity of man-made
structures set in rugged natural and urban environments, particularly in the
Ottawa Valley region.
William Merritt Chase-(1849
– 1916) was an American painter known as an exponent of Impressionism and as a
teacher. He is also responsible for establishing the Chase School, which later
would become Parsons The New School for Design.
Robert Clunie-
(1895 - 1984) was a Scottish-American plein air painter, specializing in
California landscape art with a particular focus on the rugged mountain scenery
of the High Sierra.
Rackstraw Downes-(1939)
is a British-born realist painter and author. His oil paintings are notable for
their meticulous detail accumulated during months of plein-air sessions,
depictions of industry and the environment, and elongated compositions with
complex perspective.
Antonio Lopez Garcia-
( 1936) is a Spanish painter and sculptor, known for his realistic style. He is
criticized by some art critics for neo-academism, but praised by others, like
Robert Hughes, who consider him a master realist. His style sometimes is deemed
hyperrealistic. His painting was the subject of the film El Sol del Membrillo,
by Victor Erice, in 1992.
Arthur Hill Gilbert-
(1893–1970) was an American Impressionist painter, notable as one of the
practitioners of the California-style. Today, he is remembered for his large,
colorful canvasas depicting meadows and groves of trees along the state's famed
17 Mile Drive. Gilbert was part of the group of American impressionist artists
who lived and painted in the artists' colony scene in California at Carmel and
Laguna Beach during the 1920s and 1930s.
Vincent Van Gogh-Vincent
Willem van Gogh (UK /ˌvæn ˈɡɒx/, US
/ˌvæn ˈɡoʊ/;[note 1] Dutch: [vɑn ˈɣɔχ] ( listen); March 30, 1853 – July 29,
1890) was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far-reaching
influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact.
Suffering from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness
throughout his life, he died largely unknown at the age of 37 from a
self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Van Gogh's interest in art started at an early age. He began
to draw as a child, and he continued making drawings throughout the years
leading to his decision to become an artist. He did not begin painting until
his late twenties, completing many of his best-known works during his last two
years. In just over a decade, he produced more than 2,000 artworks, consisting
of around 900 paintings and 1,100 drawings and sketches. His work included self
portraits, landscapes, portraits and paintings of cypresses, wheat fields and
sunflowers.
Van Gogh spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art
dealers, traveling between The Hague, London and Paris, after which he taught
for a time in England. One of his early aspirations was to become a pastor and
from 1879 he worked as a missionary in a mining region in Belgium where he
began to sketch people from the local community. In 1885, he painted his first
major work The Potato Eaters. His palette at the time consisted mainly of
somber earth tones and showed no sign of the vivid coloration that distinguished
his later work. In March 1886, he moved to Paris and discovered the French
Impressionists. Later he moved to the south of France and was taken by the
strong sunlight he found there. His work grew brighter in color, and he
developed the unique and highly recognizable style which became fully realized
during his stay in Arles in 1888.
The extent to which his mental health affected his painting
has been a subject of speculation since his death. Despite a widespread
tendency to romanticize his ill health, modern critics see an artist deeply
frustrated by the inactivity and incoherence brought about by his bouts of
illness. According to art critic Robert Hughes, van Gogh's late works show an
artist at the height of his ability, completely in control and "longing
for concision and grace"
Marvin Mangus -Marvin
Dale Mangus (1924–2009) was an American geologist and landscape painter.
Willard Metcalf-Willard
Leroy Metcalf (1858 –1925) was an American artist born in
Lowell, Massachusetts. He studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts,
Boston, and later attended Académie Julian, Paris. After early figure-painting
and illustration, he became prominent as a landscape painter. He was one of the
Ten American Painters who in 1897 seceded from the Society of American Artists.
For some years he was an instructor in the Womans Art School, Cooper Union, New
York, and in the Art Students League, New York. In 1893 he became a member of
the American Watercolor Society, New York. Generally associated with American
Impressionism, he is also remembered for his New England landscapes and
involvement with the artists' colony at Old Lyme, Connecticut.
Claude Monet-(1840
– 1926) was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent
and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's
perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape
painting.The term Impressionism is derived from the title of his painting
Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant).
Berthe Morisot-Berthe
Morisot (1841 – 1895) was a painter and a member of the
circle of painters in Paris who became known as the Impressionists.
Edgar Payne-Edgar
Alwin Payne (1883 – 1947) was an American Western landscape
painter and muralist.
Resouces
http://www.pbs.org/pleinair/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Monet
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